major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. Furthermore, cropping has become more intensive and needs more labour; the establishment of exclosures and the expansion of cropland have led to less grazing grounds. Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . Agriculture dominates the Ethiopian economy, accounting for about 50 percent of its GDP and 82 percent of its employment. According to a 1987 estimate, beef accounted for about 51% of all meat consumption, followed by mutton and lamb (19%), poultry (15%), and goat (14%). By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. With support from the African Development Banks agricultural Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation program. The Ethiopian Government set up the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) to reach certain goals between 2011 and 2015. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. In pastoral areas, livestock formed the basis of the economy. Agriculture in Ethiopia. In addition, the GOE continues to invest heavily in the expansion of the sugar industry, which is slated to be privatized in the near future with the aim of become one of the top ten sugar producers in the world over the next decade. [7], Historically, Ethiopia was a rare exception in Sub-Saharan Africa, because of its special environmental circumstances, that enabled Ethiopian farmers to increase their productivity, for example by using ploughs. But with proper drainage and conditioning, these soils have excellent agricultural potential. The country, therefore, is expected to import wheat and soybeans in the coming years. The agricultural sector is subject to periodic drought, and poor infrastructure constrains the production and marketing of Ethiopia's products. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. Vertisols are very important soils in Ethiopian agriculture. <i>Methods</i>. Agriculture >. It has also enjoyed a considerable attention by the government. Furthermore, the GOE vowed to begin exporting wheat to neibhouring countries by 2023 by tapping into the huge production potential due to its various favorable agro-ecologies and through expansion of wheat production area under irrigation to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce wheat imports. In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. However, despite substantial investments and subsidies, State Farms provided only 4.2% of the cereal production in 198889. Role Agriculture in Ethiopian economy. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. Grain consumption, especially for wheat and wheat-based products like bread and pasta, continues to climb as incomes rise and more people move to urban centers. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. But the same quantity of teff retailed at 81 birr at food stores belonging to the urban dwellers' associations (kebeles) in Addis Ababa and sold for as much as 181 birr in the open market. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is the Ethiopian government ministry which oversees the agricultural and rural development policies of Ethiopia on a Federal level. With 22% of children aged 5 to 14 working in the informal sector, the Department reported that "government efforts to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted sectors with a high incidence of child labor",[28] and cattle herding still figures among the goods listed in the DOL's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor published in December 2014. Mengistu told the 1989 WPE party congress that at US$0.32 per kilogram, foreign-exchange earnings from coffee would have dropped by 240 million Birr, and government revenue would have been reduced by 140 million Birr by the end of 1989. When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. [7], Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. Although the AMC had agents in all regions, it was particularly active in the major cereal producing regions, namely, Gojjam, Shewa, Arsi, and Gondar. Under the Homegrown Economic Reform Program,the GOE intends to make the textile and apparel industry one of the economic engines that will propel future growth. But in the northern highlands, where title to farm land was shared amongst members of descent groups, many people resisted land reform. The government and the international community are working together to address many of these challenges. Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave1, 2011-2012. This method was widely used in Ethiopia and southern Ethiopia because it is recommended for soils requiring more than one ton of lime per acre and soils with a pH of less than 5.8 [15]. [7], Before the Ethiopian Revolution, pulses and oilseeds played an important role, second only to coffee, in the country's exports. The directorates goal is to increase productivity, employment, technology transfer, and foreign exchange reserves by attracting investors with incentives and favorable land lease terms. There are opportunities to process livestock products for both local and export markets. The relationship between elevation, soil temperatures, soil chemical characteristics, and green coffee bean quality and biochemistry in southwest Ethiopia. Meat and milk yields are low and losses high, especially among calves and young stock. [17], Ethiopia's flower industry has become a new source for export revenue. Export sales of U.S. cotton are expected as demand increases. Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . Ethiopias current level of wheat and soybean production is insufficient to satisfy domestic demand. [23], Ethiopia has great potential for increased livestock production, both for local use and for export. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) [7], In 1984 the founding congress of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) emphasized the need for a coordinated strategy based on socialist principles to accelerate agricultural development. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) For the later two Regions, estimated numbers vary greatly between conventional and aerial censuses, but total less than 15% of the non-nomadic Regions. It is cultivated principally by the Gurage, Sidama, and several other ethnic groups in the region. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. These activities have contributed to higher yields and increased production of both crops and livestock. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. Almost all farming tools in Ethiopia are traditional and made from different types of wood. These conditions include basic agricultural production potentials, access to input and output markets, and local population densities which represent both labor availability and local demand for food. areas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhere it is practiced on traditional lines. "Agriculture" (and subsections), updated with latest figures from the CSA. Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. Land use function 2 2.2. Our web pages use cookiesinformation about how you interact with the site. Most oilseeds are raised by small-scale farmers, but sesame was also grown by large-scale commercial farms before the era of land reform and the nationalization of agribusiness. "Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020", "Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy", "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. In EFY 197475, pulses and oilseeds accounted for 34% of export earnings (about 163 million Birr), but this share declined to about 3% (about 30 million Birr) in EFY 198889. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Blue Nile makes about 80% by volume of the Great Nile River. ", Tables D.4 D.7. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. Additional investment opportunities are expected in the textile and garment sector as well as cotton production. The chicken business also shows promising opportunities. Production is overwhelmingly of a subsistence nature, and a large part of commodity exports are provided by the small agricultural cash-crop sector. The Blue Nile River. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. The economic plan prescribes the following comprehensive measures to overcome the challenges facing the agricultural sector: Enhance productivity of small-holder farmers and pastoralists through provision of modern inputs and services; Develop a legal framework that will allow farmers to lease land and to become shareholders in large commercial farms; Modernize livestock production through improving veterinary infrastructure, research and innovation, and establishing linkages with other industries; Establish effective linkages between agriculture producers and commodity markets as well as the commercial value chain; Encourage private sector investment in agricultural R&D and exploring PPPs to expand medium and large-scale irrigation infrastructure; and. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. [2][3][4] Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. In Ethiopia 95% of the total area is cultivated by smallholder farmers and contribute 90% of the total agricultural output. The vision of the CSA is to be a center of excellence in . juice processing, milling machines, extruders for soybean oil). The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. More background information on the cotton situation in Ethiopia can be found in our cotton report from 2019/20. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. [10], Until the 1974 revolution, Ethiopia had a complex land tenure system, which some have described as feudal. It was also estimated that over 60 percent of the cultivated area was cropland. During the rainy seasons, water and grass are generally plentiful, but with the onset of the dry season, forage is generally insufficient to keep animals nourished and able to resist disease. Agriculture. Between 198485 and 198687, at the height of the drought, Ethiopia received more than 1.7 million tons of grain, about 14 percent of the total food aid for Africa. Put in perspective, Ethiopia's key agricultural sector has grown at an annual . Washington, DC 20230. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of chat accounted for 25% of export earnings (or 8oo million Birr). Contributions, potentials and characteristics of agriculture in Ethiopia The contributions of agriculture in Ethiopia The Ethiopian economy is an agrarian economy. to industries; export crops, from whose sales industries infrastructure and the like may be established; and . Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. In addition, Ethiopia spent 341 million Birr on food purchases during the 1985-87 period. However, the sector has always performed poorly; about one-half of the rural residents in Ethiopia live below the national poverty line, and the rural population is endowed with few and poorly provided social amenities. Source: Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) (Total Exports). As such, investment opportunities in feed, genetics and veterinary services and the supporting industries are expected to grow in the coming years. This modest increase, however, was not enough to offset a general decrease in GDP during the same period. Land ownership is also a complicating factor. The GOE is focusing on expanding chicken meat production in order to reduce the countrys longstanding dependence on the livestock sector, minimize the sectors environmental footprint, and provide more affordable protein to the masses. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. [16] In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of oilseeds accounted for 15.78% of export earnings (or million 187.4 Birr) and pulses 5.92% (or 70.3 million Birr). Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor. . Their resistance to this change increased when Zemecha members campaigned for collectivization of land and oxen. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. Depending on international market conditions and local demand factors, there may be opportunities in the future for U.S. wheat and soybean sales to Ethiopia. In Wollo Province, for example, there were an estimated 111 types of land tenure. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. Commercial Imports from the United States, Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, (Total market size = (total local production + imports) - exports). processed food, beverages, and livestock products meat, milk, and eggs), as well as the textile/apparel and leather industries. Practically all animals are range-fed. Overall, the economic reform plan sets out required strategic interventions to increase agricultural productivity and modernization of agriculture in the next 10 years. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. y's natural potential, the agricultural performance remains weak; high dependency on rain-fed