which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet

The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . Term. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. data. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. Total Cards. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. What is the function of an IEP generator? The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. "Best study app ever! It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Subject. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Linux - Wikipedia Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. mainframe computer. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. Dollars. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Survey of Operating Systems Chapter #1 Flashcards | Quizlet The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. MIS 3371 Management information systems - Chegg The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). Question 13. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. 1945: Memex The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. The line was discontinued in 2014. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. B. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E.