El este descris n Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ca "scriitor rasialist". They then engaged with the Romans: Carthage was a Jewish kingdom and Hannibal himself was some sort of a fighting rabbi! Houston Stewart Chamberlain, (born Sept. 9, 1855, Southsea, Hampshire, Eng.died Jan. 9, 1927, Bayreuth, Ger. Drben, im asiatischen Osten, hatten und haben nicht einmal die Menschen Persnlichkeit, hier, in. He imported some of his arguments from the . This second visit was, according to Goebbels, a heartbreaking episode which Berlins new Gauleiter described in his diary, in May 1926: Shattering scene: Chamberlain on a couch. He was, for the Germans, the thinker who popularized Gobineaus ideas on the social Darwinists, providing the German bourgeoisie with a sense of its mission: am deutschen wesen soll die welt genesenthe German essence must heal the world. No surprise there, because, according to him, Christ was also a German. In 1899 he published Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, 2 vol., 1911), a broad but biased analysis of European culture, in which he claimed that the Western Aryan peoples have been responsible for the greatness and creativity of Europe, and that the Jewish influence has been primarily negative. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. This is a draft section of a chapter in my forthcoming Ph.D., in which I explore the racial and theological theories of 19th-century German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain. The English-born German writer Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927) formulated the most important theory of Teutonic superiority in pre-Hitlerian German thought. is to serve the Germanic race".
The Jewish Pocket | Houston Stewart Chamberlain Literature. Decultot, Elisabeth, Johann Joachim Winckelmann. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. Both an art lover and a dilettante, he was welcomed into Richard Wagners larger circles when he became his son-in-law. Houston Stewart Chamberlain Aryan World-view Because truth lays beyond the reach of the intellect, we can't use words for it. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. .
Houston S. Chamberlain books - Free PDF books - Bookyards In a criminal way, the Asian and African slave had crawled up to the throne of the Roman Empire. But something is as clear as the sun at midday: if the Phenician people had not been exterminated () mankind would never have experienced () this 19th century that we can consider with pride and hope15. Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. 15 Wie viel hat man nicht ber die Vertilgung Karthagos durch die Rmer gewehklagt und moralisiert, von Polybius bis zu Mommsen! 1.7 Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the Race Struggle of Western History Like Theodor Fritsch, Houston Stewart Chamberlain represents an important link between the vlkisch anti-Semitism of the late 19th century and the ideology of Hitler and the Nazi party. Only 1869 did Richard Wagner authorize its publication under his name. The known world, the, , reached its apex around the first century A.D., when the Romans, having conquered Greece, managed to combine their chtonian. To prove the excellence of Germanic blood, scientists and race specialists had argued, since the 1830s, that every light came from the North, and not from the East. If you read the book carefully, the notion of plague as a potential threat is omnipresent. : to fight against the (revolutionary) French idea of Nation based on the (false) assumption of equality.
- , This second visit was, according to Goebbels, a heartbreaking episode which Berlins new, Das Tagebuch von Joseph Goebbels, 1925-1926. Wo ist ein grosser, schpferischer Naturforscher unter den Rmern? 5 Sourced Quotes. His writing promoted German ethnonationalism, antisemitism, and scientific racism; and he has been described as a "racialist writer". The fanatic inflames the mind, you warm the heart. He holds my hand and won't let me go. Feb by Claudio. While the Greeks rejoiced in the company of ideas, the Romans were materialists in both the best and the worst sense of the term. In these publications, Chamberlain emphasized the heroic Teutonic aspects in the composers works.
Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - Prabook The son of a naval officerhis father was an admiral in the Royal Navy , he spent his whole youth travelling around Europe. But it also disappeared. Die Aufzechnungen Heinrich Heims, herausgegeben von Werner Jochmann. If Greece had fathered the spirit, Rome had mastered the organisation. If Greece had fathered the spirit, Rome had mastered the organisation. He resented Chamberlain for not being aware of that scourge. In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of the time (history and the natural sciences) and stood up for the dominant ideas, at the Belle poque, of the European bourgeoisie: in other words, racism, social Darwinism and colonialism. 2 Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930, 419p. 3 Puschner, Uwe, Die vlkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. This book had already been published in, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der. If the Greeks were philosophers, the Romans were lawyers. 2 diciembre, 2021 | . Despite this biological disaster or the inevitable fall of the Romans, the Nordic race did not disappear. "In this manner the ground was prepared for the emergence of a new race of'Supermen'," said Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Chamberlain compiles here a collection of the most trivial commonplaces which anyone could have easily uttered, if only to appear literate at the table of a. in Germany or of a first baronet in England. If politicians had been more aware of his work, states would be far better off now, writes Hitler: Those who had the government of the country in their hands were quite as indifferent to principles of civil wisdom laid down by thinkers like H. S. Chamberlain as our political leaders now are. (). The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. , the vision of antiquity remained the same: a Germanic golden age in Greece and Rome which was scattered and shattered by the Jews. 7 quotes from Houston Stewart Chamberlain: 'The separation wall between religion and sincere scientific thinking, so ingeniously erected by our church doctors, does not really exist; it means rather the acknowledgement of an official lie. I am deeply upset. The Syrian bastard had taken possession of laws, and the Jew used the Library of Alexandria to adapt Greek philosophy to the Mosaic Law (). If politicians had been more aware of his work, states would be far better off now, writes Hitler: Those who had the government of the country in their hands were quite as indifferent to principles of civil wisdom laid down by thinkers like H. S. Chamberlain as our political leaders now are. 26 Sie sind ja gar nicht, wie Sie mir geschildert worden sind, ein Fanatiker, vielmehr mchte ich Sie als den unmittelbaren Gegensatz eines Fanatikers bezeichnen. Reassured though he was to have met the saviour of Germany and of the German race, Chamberlain did not die right away and had to wait four more years before falling into a deep and peaceful sleep. Since the purpose of his Foundations of the 19th Century was to try and explain everything about life and history, it naturally had to start with Antiquity for the authors exhaustive survey to have any semblance of logic at all. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (Q57737) Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927), who married Wagner's daughter Eva in 1908 but never met Wagner, . And this is the reason why it triumphantly . foil letter balloons near me; wimbledon medical timeout. Camera Memoria: Photographic Memory from the Margins, Representing Whiteness in US Film and Television, Unheard Possibilities: Reappraising Classical Film Music Scoring and Analysis, Rethinking Laughter in Contemporary Anglophone Theatre, War in Poetry: Breaking into Family and Everyday Life, Lexprimental dans la littrature et les arts contemporains, Early American Surrealisms, 1920-1940 / Parable Art, Thomas Spence and his Legacy: Bicentennial Perspectives, Images on the Move: Circulations and Transfers in film, Coincidences / Circulating towards and across the British Isles, In Umbra Voluptatis : Shades, Shadows, and their Felicities/ Film Adaptations, New Interactions, South and Race / Staging Mobility in the United States. The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain - Geneagraphie Encyclopdiste et dilettante la fois, amateur dart, il a pntr le cercle des wagnriens et est devenu le gendre de Richard Wagner.
houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary 3This book has the reputation of being hard, if not impossible, to read.
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century - Houston Stewart Chamberlain For many people in the 19th century, it was a vital question19: many Christian racists of the period could not bear the idea of their Messiah being a Jew. The main postulate was quite simple: everything in human history and culture could be explained by race, as Schemann would later emphasize in the three volumes of his Rasse in den Geisteswissenschaften. Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. For todays readers, it is nothing more than a flood of words and phrases, an accumulation of commonplaces, false ideas and lies without any firm structure or real coherence. An Anthology of Texts, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. , Leipzig, 1869. Outside the rain patters! Houston had an enthusiasm towards superiority of the "Teutonic" race, a category that he used synonymously with "Aryan" and "Germanic." because of Houston's beliefs, he soon became a well-known writer for his articles on .
Houston Stewart Chamberlain | YourDictionary In this monumental piece of work, he tried to answer the following questions: what made (t)his period the most remarkable one in history? The Europe the Romans had ambitioned was saved by a racial messiah: the Germanic tribes which, by invading the Empire, preserved the continent and its civilization. He then joined the Nazi party before he passed away in 1927. 21From the Foundations of the 19th to the Myth of the 20th Century, the vision of antiquity remained the same: a Germanic golden age in Greece and Rome which was scattered and shattered by the Jews. If only those elites would come to that same awareness, they would crush any opposition and rule the world for good. They then engaged with the Romans: Carthage was a Jewish kingdom and Hannibal himself was some sort of a fighting rabbi! Eines ist aber so klar wie die Sonne am Mittag: wre das phnezinische Volk nicht ausgerottet (), so htte die Menschheit dieses 19. In the eyes of God all men, indeed all creatures, may be equal: but the divine law of the individual is to maintain and to defend his individuality. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7. He published in 1899, in Munich, a very large book entitled the. cit., pp. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. is a form of prolonged indictment against the Jews, depicted as a race full of hatred, longing for might and vengeance. Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. Chamberlain devotes some 500 pagesnearly half the bookto that period, providing his reader with ample material on Rome, Greece and the Jews as well as on another sacrosanct trinity: Athens, Rome and Jerusalem. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She married Siegfried, Richard Wagners only son, and was considered the only true custodian and bailiff in Bayreuth after Siegfrieds death, as well as a sort of muse for Adolf Hitler, whom she greatly admired. Chamberlain indulges in the most appalling stereotypes of the. These people are too stupid to think for themselves28. Der Schwiegersohn Richard Wagners und engste Vertraute Cosimas war der fhrende Kopf Bayreuths. Doch nicht etwa der fleissige Konversationslexikonsredakteuyr Plinius?, in Chamberlain, op. Chamberlain scorned this racial chaos of the late Roman Empire, which destroyed any racial and national principle, this chaos of peoples of the decadent Roman Empire being a capital sin against nature. The Jews of Semitic Carthage were defeated because the Romans (or Germans) were the best at fighting and winning. This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. idea ideal importance individual influence inner interest Italy Jewish Kant knowledge later less limited living material matter means mechanical merely mind moral mysticism nature never observation once original Paul personality philosophy political possess possible practical present principle proved purely . ). 7 Der Grieche war von jeher, was er noch heute ist, untreu, unpatriotisch, eigenschtig, Ibid., p.50.
houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary Houston Stewart Chamberlain. 1.7 Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the Race Struggle of Western History Like Theodor Fritsch, Houston Stewart Chamberlain represents an important link between . I also examine Chamberlain's influence on Nazism and suggest that Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. What were the problems caused by modernity and how could the world be improved for the sake of the better portionthe white portionof humanity? Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician. Why was the world precisely how it should be (the white population thus rewarded for its supremacy over the others)?
QUOTES BY HOUSTON STEWART CHAMBERLAIN | A-Z Quotes Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. I want to cry out, I want to weep. I, chap. His book Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The . We have to thank Rome () that it transferred the centre of gravity of civilization to the West and that the Jewish-Asian spell was broken, so that Germanic Europe became the beating heart and the thinking brain of whole mankind.14.
The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century - Wikipedia Contrary to what is being taught by those who are too lazy to think and by flagrant historical lies, the Germanic invasions did not destroy the Empire but saved it from its fatal jewification and degeneration. He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in Mein Kampf. Writers like Arthur Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain derived an additional hierarchy, which gave white-skinned people an internal hierarchy. It was not really a success, mainly because Hitler did not agree with Chamberlains glorification of Christian culture; but also because he believed that Christ was a mixed-blood; he who was born, according to the Fhrer, from a Roman soldier and a Palestinian prostitute named Mary, : You cannot make an Aryan out of Jesus that is nonsense. SpracheRasseReligion, Darmstadt, WBG, 2001, 464p. 4 Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race. Griechenland hat stets nach Asien gravitiert, bis Rom es losriss. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. The Teutonic warrior is therefore celebrated by Chamberlains book with the same resonating fury as Wagners operas: Without him, the Indo-Europeans would have disappeared. . 10, p.296, in the English translation by MURPHY, James, London, Hurst and Blackett, 1939, vol.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain - New World Encyclopedia Houston Stewart Chamberlain died far too early to witness the rise of the NSDAP and the, of Germany under Nazi rule. Here, in Greece, every river, every stone lives and is an individual. Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930. The This is one of the better clichs of the German historiography of the second half of the 19. century: only the Nordic king, Alexander of Macedonia, managed to unify Greece and put an end to endless campaigns by creating an Empire, like King Wilhelm of Prussia who succeeded in 1871 in unifying the different German tribes and states into a mighty Empire. Wagner, Richard, Das Judentum in der Musik, Leipzig, 1869. Houston Stewart Chamberlain was born in Southsea, England, on Sept. 9, 1855. Jetzt glaube ich einzusehen, da dies grade Ihr Wesen bezeichnet und sozusagen umschliet: der wahre Erwecker ist zugleich Spender der Ruhe. The edict of Caracalla in 212 was the beginning of the end: the Romans were to die of a slow death, all victims of this blood disease, after having mixed their blood with Arabs, Africans and Jews. [1] Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, 1941-1944.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain as founder of modern racialism - Stormfront The Jews are a case in point; if a man possesses a sacred book, which contains all wisdom, then all further investigation is as superfluous as it is sinful: the . Frithjof Hallman On September 9, 1980, the 125th anniversary of the birth of Houston Steward Chamberlain, the renowned philosopher and son-in-law of the composer Richard Wagner, was celebrated by West German conservatives.
Race - Gobineau's Essay on the Inequality of Human Races For "the most sacred of duties . This is summed up by Chamberlain who, contrary to Hegel who wrote Ex oriente lux, pretends that Ex septentrione lux: the beacon of civilization lies in the north with the white Germanic race. 7Chamberlain has nothing but contempt for Plinius, who might have been less of a mediocre Konversationslexikonsredakteur, as he puts it, than he was himself. In 1923, ten years before Adolf Hitler was appointed as Reich .
Houston Stewart Chamberlain - Springer by ; in john and livi come dine with me; on June 29, 2022 . Houston Stewart Chamberlain - The German WorldviewAlexander Jacob - with Pedro VarelaLibreria Europa, Barcelona, 2007https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761829126/Po. Apart from being a compendium of all the cultural clichs of the time, Chamberlains. with the celestial intelligence and inspiration of the Greeks. 12/02/2021 . An early Lord Haw-Haw of sorts who was even awarded the iron cross by Kaiser William II, not for fighting in the muddy trenches of the Somme, but for insulting London in vindictive articles. Dans sa dmonstration, lantiquit grco-romaine tient une place essentielle. Es gibt eine Gewalt, die aus Chaos stammt und zu Chaos hinfhrt, und es gibt eine Gewalt, deren Wesen es ist, Kosmos zu gestalten. The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. 5 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). Was sagt man zu einer Geschichte, die mehr als 1200 Jahre umfasst, und nicht einen einzigen Philosophen aufweist, ja, nicht einmal das kleinste Philosphchen? What can you say of a 1200 years long history that does not offer a single philosopher, not even the most modest one? He became somewhat of a war hero during the First World War, during which he was a talented propagandist against his own country, Great Britain. No surprise there, because, according to him, Christ was also a German. In Aryan Worldview Houston Chamberlain discusses the importance of Indology in the effort to gain deeper insight into the essence of Indo-European thought. A true anti-Semite, Wagner wrote an essay against the perversion of the arts by the Jews entitled, ) that led Friedrich Nietzsche to break with him but that gained him the affection of many dubious devotees. 10, p.153. , Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1960, 141p., in the English translation: , London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962, 156p., p.77.
houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary Beck, 1999, 534p. NF, Beat, Von Perikles zu Hitler? The known world, the oekoumene, reached its apex around the first century A.D., when the Romans, having conquered Greece, managed to combine their chtonian gravitas with the celestial intelligence and inspiration of the Greeks. Rauschning, Hermann, Gesprche mit Hitler, Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940. He was therefore read and admired by the major figures of the Nazi ideologyone of whom was Hitlerand became, just before he died, in the 1920s, one of the leading minds of their movement. Houston Stewart Chamberlain is the translation of "Houston Stewart Chamberlain" into Croatian. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. Hitler also held a view that Aryans had developed an ancient civilization . "In this manner the ground was prepared for the emergence of a new race of'Supermen'," said Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Introduction Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927) is best known for his cultural history Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Foundations of the Nineteenth Century; Munich, 1899) as well as for his studies of Kant, Goethe, Wagner, and Heinrich von Stein. () Where are the roman scientists? By way of mixture and integration, the Romans changed and gave birth to a breed of mongrels, giving out the Roman citizenship (, ) to every free man on earth. Wie Jesus zum Arier wurde. This race of heroes which carried out a Herculean task by creating the, was defeated by hybrid weaklings from Asia minor, Greeks and Jews who infiltrated the Empire and the most inner circles of imperial power, thus becoming the juridicial counsellors of the throne. race - race - Gobineaus Essay on the . Published in 1853-55, his Essay on the Inequality of Human Races was widely read, embellished, and publicized by many different kinds of writers. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who spoke fluent German, belonged from then on to the sanctum of Germano-maniac racism, a group of worshippers who had gathered around Richard Wagner: Wagner, the bard of a reinvented Germanic mythology, who celebrated heroic figures of oneiric purity and had a slight tendency of considering that his agethe 19th centurywas leading white Germanic mankind towards decadence, degeneration and death. , Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. geschrieben hat, ist gelinde gesagt dumm, Hitler quoted in Rauschning, Hermann. Enqute sur la gense de lhistoire de lart, Paris, PUF, Perspectives Germaniques, 2000. It would be the official creed of the Deutsche Christen under the Third Reich; for instance, an official Protestant church pledged to the Nazi party20. The Europe the Romans had ambitioned was saved by a racial messiah: the Germanic tribes which, by invading the Empire, preserved the continent and its civilization. (Edin. I want to cry out, I want to weep.29. Nineteenth century racist thinkers, such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Guido von List as well as racist politicians like Georg von Schnerer exerted a significant influence on many in the generation of Adolf Hitler. Jahrhunderts, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005. You are not at all, as you have been described to me, a fanatic. Meuchelmrderisch hatte sich der asiatische und. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary . Greece has always gravitated around Asia, till Rome dragged it away, to the West. Both an art lover and . The book goes into a lot of analysis to explain what the tuetonic race is the greatest race the world has ever been give and has merged into many other races at the same time also. , but this time for gooda word to the wise for people who were sent fighting the new Carthage of Jewish bolshevism on the Eastern front. He holds my hand and won't let me go. They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. What then could possibly have happened? Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und. Off we go. Outside the rain patters! Still, the Greeks were far from perfect. There is the force that stems from chaos and in turn leads to chaos, and there is the force which shapes the cosmos, , Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926, 782p. Quote f, Although he did not agree with everything he had written in the, , Hitler knew how to value such honour. Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. 77-78. Athens was beautiful, but Greece was splendid: the people looked like statues, they had perfectly proportioned noses and marble skin, they spoke the language of books (written in Greek) and they invented not only mathematics but also the theatre and the art of warfare. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. More importantly, they would prevent any further decadence and avoid mixing with inferior races, like the Jews or other crossbreds. Jetzt glaube ich einzusehen, da dies grade Ihr Wesen bezeichnet und sozusagen umschliet: der wahre Erwecker ist zugleich Spender der Ruhe. especially since Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a forerunner of Nazi racial ideology, embraced it. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 2 vols, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899. They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1899) is a book by British-born German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain.In the book, Chamberlain advances various racialist and especially vlkisch antisemitic theories on how he saw the Aryan race as superior to others, and the Teutonic peoples as a positive force in European civilization and the . One of the most important features of Darwin's theory was his proposed mechanism for evolution: natural selection through the struggle for existence. Rome was destroyed by the Jews because it had not protected the purity of its race and because it was never able to lead a proper racial war: a total war of annihilation. Summary With a collection of 300 sources--each accompanied by an introductory essay and review questions--this two-volume primary source reader emphasizes the history of ideas. 13 der rechtsmssige Erbe des Hellenen und des Rmers, ibid. otto porter wilt chamberlain son. The immigration of strangers to the race was recurrently presented as the invasion of microbes and viruses into a healthy and sound body. These people are too stupid to think for themselves, . Chamberlain was brought up by relatives in France. An analysis of Wagners drama (1892) and a biography (1895) followed. This obsession with diseases and the assimilation of blood-mixing with infection is a common characteristic, as well as a deep concern, among the most convinced racists of the time.
Were Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Neville Chamberlain related Among them were Houston Stewart Chamberlain and many members of what historians later called the Bayreuther Kreis, an informal circle of members and friends of the Wagner family, including Cosima Wagner, the wife of the Master, and Ludwig Schemann. Having learned, from a very young age, at least two foreign languages, he almost wrote better in French and in German than he did in English. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Christ, Karl, Hellas: Griechische Geschichte und deutsche Geisteswissenschaft, Mnchen, C.H.