This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Adobe d C Notify me of follow-up comments by email. It also decided that the Public . You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. The Plural nature of Nigeria. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. 74 . and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. 1. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. /F3 12 0 R It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Payment Details. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. ff>qsfN? In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. (eds. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. What is federalism? This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. >> Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. welcome, and thanks for reading us. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Best information base for latest information both national and international. stream w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. stream % The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. 7. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Required fields are marked *. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. /BitsPerComponent 8 As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. endobj we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country.
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