what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. . Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. By B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. Gallery. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Eventually they blocked access altogether. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Create your account. They also found a sea route to India. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. Hispaniola is a marvel. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Sources. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage.

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